Soil salinization occurs as salts (e.g. calcium, potassium, magnesium) accumulate in the soil, particularly in irrigated regions with low rainfall and high evapotranspiration. Similarly, soil sodicity refers to high sodium (Na) levels in soil. These conditions can cause plant moisture stress as roots have trouble taking up water from the soil. High sodium levels cause soil particles to disperse, clogging soil pores and exacerbating issues with erosion.
Resources
Managing salt-affected soils for crop production. 2007. D.A. Horneck, J.W. Ellsworth, B.G. Hopkins, D.M. Sullivan, and R.G. Stevens. PNW601.
Vineyard Nutrient Management in Washington State. 2018. Michelle Moyer, Stacy Singer, Joan Davenport, Gwen-Alyn Hoheisel. EM111E.